Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. We strongly recommend that at least the basic concepts discussed in this section are familiar to you before attempting further experimentation. Sound waves consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions, respectively. Lamancusa penn state 1252000 the ratio of pressure to particle velocity is a useful quantity and is called impedance. An interactive ebook this book consists of 33 interactive simulations which require the reader to click buttons, move sliders, etc. It can begin either from simple harmonic motions shms or from complicated motions. The big idea santa cruz institute for particle physics. This book incorporates the developments in digital audio technology, including consumer products, into a firm foundation of the physics of sound. In many instances, sound is a periodic wave, and the atoms undergo simple harmonic motion. It has been accepted for inclusion in robert katz publications by. Where do sounds come from sounds are produced by vibrating or oscillating objects. Sound is usually caused by radiation from a solid vibrating surface or fluid disturbances. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave.
A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. The suggested demonstrations are suitable for physics classroom during teaching and. Learn more about the properties and types of sound in this article. They were written by the instructor in fall 2005 and represent a fairly accurate guide of what will be covered in lecture. Since the particles are moving in parallel direction to the wave movement, the sound wave is referred to as a longitudinal wave. Aipmt neet physics waves and sound mcq practice sample papers problems free pdf download with solution 2017 2018. Wave motion and sound pdf 11p currently this section contains no detailed description for the page, will update this page soon. In this episode of crash course physics, shini goes over some of the basics and some of the not so basics of the physics of sound. Physics of sports consists in observing with a physicists eye the phenomena which happen on the fields. When an object vibrates it causes the particles around it to move. Curriculum guide for physics of sound based on the foss physics of sound science kit wallingford public schools third grade science approved by science management team october 3, 2006. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates.
It simply follow an orderly pattern or coherence, of motion. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. Sound is a longitudinal wave produced by a vibrating source that causes regular variations in air pressure p in diagram above. Every attempt has been made to explain the concepts. The speed of sound waves in a particular medium depends on the. The specific acoustic impedance is the complex ratio since both p and u are complex quantities of. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves.
Aug 04, 2016 in this episode of crash course physics, shini goes over some of the basics and some of the not so basics of the physics of sound. A purely subjective, but unduly restrictive, definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear. Physics is the study of the basic principles that govern the physical world around us. Starting with oscillations in general, the book moves to interference and diffraction phenomena of waves and concludes with elementary applications of schr. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introduc tory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively.
Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. Chap 12 national council of educational research and training. Produced in collaboration with pbs digital studios. These variations require a high quality output transformer to get the job done right. Chap 12 national council of educational research and. This article is an introduction to the physics of waves as it relates to sound propagation. Curriculum guide for physics of sound based on the foss physics of sound science kit wallingford public schools third grade science approved by science management team october 3. Physics of sound, and an introduction to the apparatus. A wave is a repeating disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space. A vibrating string produces a sound wave as illustrated in figure 2. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Speed of sound mechanical waves and sound physics youtube. Lessons lecture notes the physics classroom conceptual waves. Sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium.
Room acoustics acoustics 2 1 introduction sgn14006 a. This article describes several possible physics demonstrations of sound waves using visual analyser va. On the atomic scale, it is a disturbance of atoms that is far more ordered than their thermal motions. No knowledge of physics, mathematics, or music is required. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good. Physics tends to understand the world and to find the laws which govern it.
The main algorithm is cleaner and more optimized right now, but is in needed of rethinking raytracing contains some bugs when sounds come from block positions and the first step of the algorithm, line of sight raytracing from the source to the player, is not well thought through. Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave as a mechanical wave, sound requires a medium sound cannot propagate through a vacuum. Physics notes sound copyright 2009 free download and print from. Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal waves. Pdf physics demonstration of sound waves using visual analyser.
The physics of music music is the creation of complex sequences of sounds that have a pleasent effect. Selected topics are interesting to a broad audience. Peoples physics book ch 111 the big idea objects in motion that return to the same position after a fixed period of time are said to be in harmonic motion. The physics of noise and musings on experimental errors. Theres some mathematics in there that i cant be bothered to try to understand at the moment, but most often, you can get the idea behind the mathematics without understanding the equations. Using a handson and experimental approach, this book incorporates developments in digital audio technologyincluding consumer productsinto a firm foundation of the physics of sound. Vibrations in air are called traveling longitudinal waves, which we can hear. Objects in harmonic motion have the ability to transfer some of their energy. The ratio of pressure to particle velocity is a useful quantity.
A wave is a periodic disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the reader has at least high school level linear algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. Output transformers in portable audio mixers must operate into various unknown loads including load impedance made up of resistive, capacitive and inductive loads. Where do sounds come from sounds are produced by vibrating or oscillating. Physics of sound penn state mechanical engineering. The vibration can come from a tuning fork, a guitar string, the column of air in an organ pipe. Notes on sound chapter 15 michigan state university. Sound it is composed of waves of compression and rarefaction inwhich the human ear is sensitive 2. In this chapter we are going to learn how sound is produced and how it is transmitted through a medium and received by our ear.
A sound wave is an air pressure disturbance that results from vibration. Topics include beats, amplitude modulation, and frequency modulation. Edelman ultrasound physics 1 chapter 1 ultrasound physics sidney k. Mar 01, 20 this article describes several possible physics demonstrations of sound waves using visual analyser va. For some currently inexplicable reason, when more than one frequency is heard simulatanously, it can have an a profoundly pleasent or amazingly disconcerting effect. This book is about 30 years old, but its still a great introduction to the science of musical sound. The vibrating body causes the medium water, air, etc. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Apr 06, 2020 sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. The speed of sound depends upon the type of medium and its state.
Physics tuckey notes on sound chapter 15 sound waves production produced by compressional vibrations within a medium wave crests known as compressions where the medium is above average density wave troughs known as rarefactions where the medium is below average density. These two waveforms have the same amplitude, but the one on the right has 4 times the period hence 14 the frequency. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i forced oscillator from last time slinky example coiled wire. The book is targeted at the first year undergraduate science and engineering students. Includes updated information on musical synthesizers. These particles bump into particles close to them, transferring energy possessed. This note explains the physics of waves and oscillations including sound, elastic and electromagnetic waves. The word acoustics refers to the science of sound and is a subcategory of physics. Sound is a longitudinal wave produced by a vibrating source that causes regular variations in. The nature of sound summary the physics hypertextbook. The wave requires a medium through which to travel, but there is no net flow of mass. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.